Energy is without doubt a significant element of the socio-economical structure of a country. It delineates the responsibility of a country for creating the proper conditions for a reliable, stable and viable development of the industry and for every other economical sector of the country. Additionally, the authorities of a country should formulate a responsible energy policy that will enable the state to supply the society with energy at acceptable prices. Furthermore, the government should reassure that the energy policy that it will follow will not threaten the environment and will comply with the principles of sustainable development.

The authorities of Czech Republic are deliberately trying to fulfill the aforementioned doctrine. They try to use the energy resources that the country has with a prudent and responsible way and in the parallel create a viable and stable energy industry.

The energy industry in the Czech Republic includes fuel mining, production of coke, gas, power, and heat production and distribution. The main fuel in the country is coal which accounts for almost 90% of the national energy sources. Furthermore, coal represents nearly 60% of the fuel and power balance.

The country is enriched with both brown and black coal mines. North Bohemia is the place from where brown coal is mainly extracted. Brown coal is used mainly for power generation. Though, the exploitation of brown coal is very harmful to the landscape and the areas with brown-coal power stations were heavily polluted in the past. Therefore, the power stations were technically upgraded in the 1990s in order to significantly reduce harmful emissions and furthermore this form of exploitation has been limited.  

Additionally, Czech Republic is enriched with black coal which is primarily extracted in North Moravia near the cities of Ostrava and Karviná. Nearly half of the extracted output is used to produce coke, which is then used in the metallurgic and chemical industries.

Furthermore there are minor oil fields in the country. The oil that is extracted is of very good quality and is exclusively used in the chemical industry to produce lubricants.

Thermal power is an important source of energy for Czech Republic as thermal power stations that are located near coal mines generate 66% of the total power generated in the country.

Another important source of power is nuclear power stations. Czech Republic has two nuclear power stations, located in Temelín in South Bohemia and in Dukovany in South Moravia; an intermediate storage facility for spent radioactive fuel has been built in Dukovany as well. These aforementioned power stations account for 31% of the total power generated. An additional 3% of the total power generated comes from the hydro-power stations.