Boots on the Ground: Reports from CDC's Disease Detectives

Boots on the Ground: Reports from CDC's Disease Detectives

Reports on critical public health topics at annual Epidemic Intelligence Service meeting

ATLANTA, April 16, 2018 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) will hold its 67th Annual Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) Conference April 16-19, 2018 in Atlanta. The annual gathering of disease detectives showcases cutting-edge investigations and often life-saving outbreak responses by EIS officers and their laboratory counterparts, the Laboratory Leadership Service (LLS) fellows.

"CDC's EIS officers are our front line of defense for health threats both domestically and abroad," said CDC Director Robert R. Redfield, M.D. "These dedicated professionals deploy more than 200 times in any given year to help investigate outbreaks and respond to other public health crises, and the knowledge we gain during EIS investigations helps inform future prevention efforts that save lives and protect people's health."

CDC Principal Deputy Director Anne Schuchat, M.D. (RADM U.S. Public Health Service) will open the conference with remarks on Monday morning, April 16.

This year, the conference incorporates four special sessions that will explore critical public health topics, including the Rohingya refugee crisis in Bangladesh, the need for innovative use of "big data" in public health, the 1918 influenza centenary, and the U.S. opioid overdose epidemic.

Another new feature: on April 17, four EIS officers will give a behind-the-scenes look at their investigations in a TED-style talk. The TED-style talks will cover:

    --  Using geographic information systems (GIS) to conduct a vaccination
        campaign in Somalia.
    --  Tracking, testing, and building lab capacity for Legionella.
    --  Preventing HIV and the untold story of men who have sex with men in
        rural America.
    --  Discovering the inadequate nutritional value of food among incarcerated
        people during a foodborne outbreak investigation.

On April 18, the 20(th) Surgeon General of the United States, Vice Admiral Jerome M. Adams, M.D., M.P.H., will give this year's Alexander D. Langmuir Lecture on "Better Health through Better Partnerships." Dr. Adams is committed to maintaining strong relationships with the public health community and forging new partnerships with non-traditional partners, including business and law enforcement. He oversees the operations of the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, which has approximately 6,500 uniformed health officers who serve in nearly 600 locations around the world to promote, protect and advance the health and safety of our nation and our world.

Disease detectives at work

During the past year, EIS and LLS officers have conducted responses to numerous public health threats. Noteworthy presentations at this year's conference include:

    --  Occupational patterns in drug and opioid overdose deaths--Drug overdose
        mortality in the United States has increased by 137 percent between 2000
        and 2014, largely driven by opioid-related overdoses. Opioids are often
        prescribed for work-related injuries, which can vary by occupation. Six
        occupational groups had significantly higher mortality from drug
        overdose, including: construction, extraction (e.g., mining), food
        preparation/serving, healthcare practitioners, healthcare support, and
        personal care.


    --  Post-traumatic stress symptoms among international humanitarian aid
        workers--International relief projects commonly take place in the
        context of political upheaval, putting aid workers at high risk for
        violence and exposure to human suffering that can lead to negative
        mental health outcomes. This investigation identified five potential
        risk factors for post-traumatic stress in aid workers: previous
        treatment for mental illness, being female, older age, having children,
        and fewer organizational support services.


    --  Initial public health laboratory response after Hurricane Maria--Within
        27 days of Hurricane Maria, CDC's lab team identified 16 CDC and state
        health laboratories to perform specimen testing on five high-priority
        infectious diseases (rabies, influenza, leptospirosis, salmonella, and
        tuberculosis). The response resulted in a sustainable specimen transport
        system that reestablished clinical testing and surveillance of priority
        infectious diseases in Puerto Rico, and informed public health
        interventions.


    --  Arsenic toxicity associated with dietary mineral supplements--
        Ingredients in dietary supplements are not independently verified. This
        investigation identified dietary supplements with arsenic concentrations
        that may increase risk for cancer and other illnesses.


    --  Hepatitis A outbreak among homeless people-- Hepatitis A virus outbreaks
        can occur in settings with poor sanitation and crowding. This
        investigation identified that a Hepatitis A outbreak in Arizona among
        homeless people was molecularly identical to an outbreak in San Diego.


    --  Mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders among children living in
        poverty--An estimated 17.4 percent of U.S. children aged 2 to 8 years
        old had at least one diagnosed mental, behavioral, or developmental
        disorder. Children living in poverty were more likely to have a mental,
        behavioral, or developmental disorder (22.1 percent) compared to
        children who were not living in poverty (13.9 percent).


    --  Salmonellosis outbreak at a chili and chowder cook-off--After a chili
        and chowder cook-off featuring 11 local vendors, which was attended by
        about 2,500 chili and chowder aficionados, the Accomack County Health
        Department received reports of gastrointestinal illness among event
        attendees.  Epidemiologic and laboratory analyses provided evidence that
        a specific chowder was the most likely outbreak source; however, the
        original source of Salmonella is unknown.
    --  Monkeypox re-emerging in Nigeria--Nigeria had no reported cases of
        monkeypox between 1978 and September 2017, when the disease came roaring
        back. This ongoing outbreak is the largest of the West African clade of
        monkeypox ever recorded (216 suspected cases, 80 confirmed cases, and
        five deaths were recorded from 14 out of 36 states as of January 31,
        2018).

A digital press kit with full abstracts and downloadable photos of these and other investigations will be posted on the conference website on Monday morning. Members of the media interested in attending the conference should contact the CDC Media Office at 404-639-3286 or media@cdc.gov, or visit http://www.cdc.gov/eis/conference.html for more information.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

CDC works 24/7 protecting America's health, safety and security. Whether diseases start at home or abroad, are curable or preventable, chronic or acute, or from human activity or deliberate attack, CDC responds to America's most pressing health threats. CDC is headquartered in Atlanta and has experts located throughout the United States and the world.

Contact: CDC Media Relations
(404) 639-3286

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SOURCE Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)