HubSpot Reports Q3 2019 Results

CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Nov. 5, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- HubSpot, Inc. (NYSE: HUBS), a leading growth platform, today announced financial results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2019.

Financial Highlights:

Revenue

    --  Total revenue was $173.6 million, up 32% compared to Q3'18.
    --  Subscription revenue was $167.1 million, up 33% compared to Q3'18.
    --  Professional services and other revenue was $6.5 million, up 3% compared
        to Q3'18.

Operating Income (Loss)

    --  GAAP operating margin was (8.1%), compared to (11.4%) in Q3'18.
    --  Non-GAAP operating margin was 6.1%, an improvement of approximately 1.7
        percentage points from 4.4% in Q3'18.
    --  GAAP operating loss was ($14.1) million, compared to ($15.1) million in
        Q3'18.
    --  Non-GAAP operating income was $10.5 million, compared to $5.9 million in
        Q3'18.

Net Income (Loss)

    --  GAAP net loss was ($15.0) million, or ($0.35) per basic and diluted
        share, compared to ($18.7) million, or ($0.48) per basic and diluted
        share in Q3'18.
    --  Non-GAAP net income was $15.1 million, or $0.36 per basic and $0.32 per
        diluted share, compared to $7.4 million, or $0.19 per basic and $0.17
        per diluted share in Q3'18.
    --  Weighted average basic and diluted shares outstanding for GAAP net loss
        per share was 42.5 million, compared to 38.8 million basic and diluted
        shares in Q3'18.
    --  Weighted average basic and diluted shares outstanding for non-GAAP net
        income per share was 42.5 million and 47.9 million respectively,
        compared to 38.8 million and 43.1 million, respectively in Q3'18.

Balance Sheet and Cash Flow

    --  The company's cash, cash equivalents and investments balance was $1,008
        million as of September 30, 2019.
    --  During the third quarter, the company generated $6.7 million of free
        cash flow compared to $3.2 million during Q3'18.

Additional Recent Business Highlights

    --  Grew total customers to 68,803 at September 30, 2019 up 31% from
        September 30, 2018.
    --  Total average subscription revenue per customer was $9,992 during the
        third quarter of 2019 up 0.3% compared to Q3'18.

"In the last year we've really expanded from an all-in-one suite to an all-on-one platform," said Brian Halligan, co-founder and CEO. "Our ecosystem is strong and getting stronger, which is one of the reasons we're really happy to have announced our acquisition of PieSync this week. PieSync helps ensure that as our ecosystem expands, our customers can keep their data whole across the tools they use."

Business Outlook
Based on information available as of November 5, 2019, HubSpot is issuing guidance for the fourth quarter of 2019 and full year 2019 as indicated below.

Fourth Quarter 2019:

    --  Total revenue is expected to be in the range of $180.3 million to $181.3
        million.
    --  Non-GAAP operating income is expected to be in the range of $17.1
        million to $18.1 million.
    --  Non-GAAP net income per common share is expected to be in the range of
        $0.40 to $0.42. This assumes approximately 47.0 million weighted average
        diluted shares outstanding.

Full Year 2019:

    --  Total revenue is expected to be in the range of $669.0 million to $670.0
        million.
    --  Non-GAAP operating income is expected to be in the range of $54.5
        million to $55.5 million.
    --  Non-GAAP net income per common share is expected to be in the range of
        $1.44 to $1.46. This assumes approximately 47.0 million weighted average
        diluted shares outstanding.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In our earnings press releases, conference calls, slide presentations, and webcasts, we may use or discuss non-GAAP financial measures, as defined by Regulation G. The GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to each non-GAAP financial measure used or discussed, and a reconciliation of the differences between each non-GAAP financial measure and the comparable GAAP financial measure, are included in this press release after the consolidated financial statements. Our earnings press releases containing such non-GAAP reconciliations can be found in the Investors section of our website at ir.hubspot.com.

Conference Call Information
HubSpot will host a conference call on Tuesday, November 5, 2019 at 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time (ET) to discuss the company's third quarter financial results and its business outlook. To access this call, dial (833) 241-7257 (domestic) or (647) 689-4221 (international). The conference ID is 8576778. Additionally, a live webcast of the conference call will be available on HubSpot's Investor Relations website at ir.hubspot.com.

Following the conference call, a replay will be available at (800) 585-8367 (domestic) or (416) 621-4642 (international). The replay passcode is 8576778. An archived webcast of this conference call will also be available on HubSpot's Investor Relations website at ir.hubspot.com.

The company has used, and intends to continue to use, the investor relations portion of its website as a means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with disclosure obligations under Regulation FD.

About HubSpot
HubSpot is a leading growth platform. Over 68,800 total customers in over 100 countries use HubSpot's award-winning software, services, and support to transform the way they attract, engage, and delight customers. Learn more at www.hubspot.com.

Cautionary Language Concerning Forward-Looking Statements
This press release includes certain "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding management's expectations of future financial and operational performance and operational expenditures, expected growth, and business outlook, including our financial guidance for the fourth fiscal quarter and full year 2019; statements regarding our positioning for future growth; and statements regarding the anticipated benefits from our recent acquisition of PieSync. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, plans, objectives, expectations and intentions and other statements contained in this press release that are not historical facts and statements identified by words such as "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "plans," "believes," "seeks," "estimates" or words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views about our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies and prospects, which are based on the information currently available to us and on assumptions we have made. Although we believe that our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies and prospects as reflected in or suggested by those forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that the plans, intentions, expectations or strategies will be attained or achieved. Furthermore, actual results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements and will be affected by a variety of risks and factors that are beyond our control including, without limitation, our history of losses, our ability to retain existing customers and add new customers, the continued growth of the market for an inbound platform; our ability to differentiate our platform from competing products and technologies; our ability to manage our growth effectively to maintain our high level of service; our ability to maintain and expand relationships with our marketing agency partners; our ability to successfully acquire and integrate companies and assets; our ability to successfully recruit and retain highly-qualified personnel; the price volatility of our common stock, and other risks set forth under the caption "Risk Factors" in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 6, 2019 and our other SEC filings, including our upcoming Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this document as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.



     
              Consolidated Balance Sheets



     (in thousands)




                                                                           September 30,                 December

                                                                                                                  31,


                                                                                    2019                          2018




     
              Assets



     Current assets:



     Cash and cash equivalents                                                            $
        225,770               $
          111,489



     Short-term investments                                                                     722,767                       480,761



     Accounts receivable                                                                         77,551                        77,100



     Deferred commission expense                                                                 29,080                        23,664



     Restricted cash                                                                              6,019                         5,175



     Prepaid expenses and other current assets                                                   20,052                        14,229




     Total current assets                                                                     1,081,239                       712,418



     Long-term investments                                                                       59,783                        11,450



     Property and equipment, net                                                                 63,959                        52,468



     Capitalized software development costs, net                                                 15,095                        12,746



     Right-of-use assets                                                                        215,797



     Deferred commission expense, net of current portion                                         17,608                        18,114



     Other assets                                                                                 7,894                         6,888



     Intangible assets, net                                                                       2,556                         4,919



     Goodwill                                                                                    14,950                        14,950




     
              Total assets                                                            $
        1,478,881               $
          833,953




     
              Liabilities and stockholders
              '
        equity



     Current liabilities:



     Accounts payable                                                                      $
        14,882                 $
          7,810



     Accrued compensation costs                                                                  23,913                        23,589



     Accrued expenses and other current liabilities                                              25,706                        22,305



     Lease liabilities                                                                           15,646



     Deferred revenue                                                                           200,771                       183,305




     Total current liabilities                                                                  280,918                       237,009



     Lease liabilities, net of current portion                                                  225,628



     Deferred rent, net of current portion                                                                                    26,445



     Deferred revenue, net of current portion                                                     2,835                         2,179



     Other long-term liabilities                                                                  6,182                         4,897



     Convertible senior notes                                                                   334,966                       318,782




     Total liabilities                                                                          850,529                       589,312




     Stockholders' equity:



     Common stock                                                                                    43                            40



     Additional paid-in capital                                                               1,017,046                       589,708



     Accumulated other comprehensive loss                                                         (909)                        (723)



     Accumulated deficit                                                                      (387,828)                    (344,384)




     Total stockholders' equity                                                                 628,352                       244,641




     
              Total liabilities and stockholders
           '
           equity               $
        1,478,881               $
          833,953



     
                Consolidated Statements of Operations



     (in thousands, except per share data)




                                                                             For the Three Months Ended                    For the Nine Months Ended
                                                                   September 30,                             September 30,

                                                                                                                  ---

                                                             2019                            2018                    2019             2018

                                                                                                                                    ---


     Revenues:



     Subscription                                                 $
              167,078                    $
         125,478                     $
              467,180     $
           350,646



     Professional services and other                                          6,543                             6,348                                  21,494               18,312




     Total revenue                                                          173,621                           131,826                                 488,674              368,958




     Cost of revenues:



     Subscription                                                            25,671                            17,777                                  70,550               49,976



     Professional services and other                                          7,592                             7,988                                  23,433               23,017




     Total cost of revenues                                                  33,263                            25,765                                  93,983               72,993




     Gross profit                                                           140,358                           106,061                                 394,691              295,965




     Operating expenses:



     Research and development                                                39,847                            30,761                                 115,480               85,598



     Sales and marketing                                                     91,283                            71,293                                 250,267              196,484



     General and administrative                                              23,300                            19,057                                  67,777               54,309




     Total operating expenses                                               154,430                           121,111                                 433,524              336,391




     Loss from operations                                                  (14,072)                         (15,050)                               (38,833)            (40,426)




     Other expense:



     Interest income                                                          5,185                             2,416                                  14,783                6,332



     Interest expense                                                       (5,760)                          (5,393)                               (16,946)            (15,893)



     Other expense                                                             (89)                            (277)                                  (773)             (1,087)




     Total other expense                                                      (664)                          (3,254)                                (2,936)            (10,648)




     Loss before income tax expense                                        (14,736)                         (18,304)                               (41,769)            (51,074)



     Income tax expense                                                       (251)                            (359)                                (1,675)             (1,262)




     Net loss                                                    $
              (14,987)                  $
         (18,663)                   $
              (43,444)   $
           (52,336)

                                                                                                                                                                               ===


     Net loss per share, basic and diluted                         $
              (0.35)                    $
         (0.48)                     $
              (1.04)     $
           (1.37)



     Weighted average common shares used in computing basic                  42,531                            38,762                                  41,749               38,319


        and diluted net loss per share:



     
                Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows



     (in thousands)




                                                                                                                             For the Three Months Ended                        For the Nine Months Ended
                                                                                                                  September 30,                                  September 30,

                                                                                                                                                                      ---

                                                                                                             2019                            2018                         2019            2018

                                                                                                                                                                                        ---


     
                Operating Activities:



     Net loss                                                                                                    $
              (14,987)                      $
          (18,663)                  $
              (43,444)         $
           (52,336)



     Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities



     Depreciation and amortization                                                                                            7,213                                  6,000                                 21,248                     16,539



     Stock-based compensation                                                                                                23,790                                 19,613                                 73,659                     55,334



     Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes                                                                              184                                    (4)                                    49                         43



     Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs                                                                         5,509                                  5,141                                 16,184                     15,103



     Accretion of bond discount                                                                                             (4,068)                               (1,876)                              (10,889)                   (4,517)



     Noncash rent expense                                                                                                                              367                                                          1,972



     Unrealized currency translation                                                                                          (175)                                    79                                  (193)                       215



     Changes in assets and liabilities



     Accounts receivable                                                                                                    (5,253)                               (9,911)                               (1,346)                   (3,266)



     Prepaid expenses and other assets                                                                                          113                                  5,535                                (6,217)                       823



     Deferred commission expense                                                                                               (12)                               (5,798)                               (5,551)                  (15,887)



     Right-of-use assets                                                                                   5,048                                                                     14,310



     Accounts payable                                                                                                         1,203                                  3,508                                  6,195                      4,262



     Accrued expenses and other current liabilities                                                                         (2,333)                               (1,876)                                   955                      3,755



     Lease liabilities                                                                                   (4,626)                                                                  (14,788)



     Deferred rent                                                                                                                                      81                                                          3,987



     Deferred revenue                                                                                                         8,063                                  9,321                                 20,910                     25,713




     Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities                                                          19,669                                 11,517                                 71,082                     51,740




     
                Investing Activities:



     Purchases of investments                                                                                             (370,192)                             (158,546)                             (967,994)                 (524,838)



     Maturities and sales of investments                                                                                    347,229                                150,300                                689,614                    498,850



     Purchases of property and equipment                                                                                    (9,141)                               (5,378)                              (21,197)                  (16,688)



     Capitalization of software development costs                                                                           (3,811)                               (2,920)                               (9,139)                   (8,726)



     Purchases of strategic investments                                                                                       (201)                                  (50)                                 (553)                     (300)




     Net cash and cash equivalents used in investing activities                                                            (36,116)                              (16,594)                             (309,269)                  (51,702)




     
                Financing Activities:



     Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs paid of $365                                                                                                       342,628



     Employee taxes paid related to the net share settlement of stock-based awards                                          (2,032)                               (1,888)                               (4,767)                   (5,933)



     Proceeds related to the issuance of common stock under stock plans                                                       8,188                                  5,157                                 18,926                     16,769



     Repayments of capital lease obligations                                                                                   (44)                                 (175)                                 (249)                     (592)




     Net cash and cash equivalents provided by financing activities                                                           6,112                                  3,094                                356,538                     10,244




     Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash                                          (1,973)                                 (321)                               (2,171)                   (1,319)




     Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash                                                            (12,308)                               (2,304)                               116,180                      8,963



     Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period                                                        245,602                                104,051                                117,114                     92,784




     Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period                                                    $
              233,294                        $
          101,747                    $
              233,294          $
            101,747

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ===



     
                Reconciliation of non-GAAP operating income and operating margin                 Three Months Ended                                    Nine Months Ended
                                                                                           September 30,                                    September 30,

     (in thousands, except percentages)



                                                                                    2019                               2018                   2019                    2018




     GAAP operating loss                                                                $
              (14,072)               $
        (15,050)                                $
        (38,833)   $
        (40,426)



     Stock-based compensation                                                                         23,791                        19,612                                         73,659            55,334



     Amortization of acquired intangible assets                                                          762                           494                                          2,362               594



     Acquisition related expenses                                                                         30                           802                                             95             2,407




     Non-GAAP operating income                                                            $
              10,511                  $
         5,858                                  $
         37,283    $
          17,909






     GAAP operating margin                                                                             (8.1)                       (11.4)                                         (7.9)           (11.0)
                                                                                                            %                            %                                             %                %



     Non-GAAP operating margin                                                                           6.1                           4.4                                            7.6               4.9
                                                                                                            %                            %                                             %                %



     
                Reconciliation of non-GAAP net income                                                  Three Months Ended                       Nine Months Ended
                                                                                                 September 30,                          September 30,

     (in thousands, except per share amounts)



                                                                                          2019                              2018                2019                 2018




     GAAP net loss                                                                            $
              (14,987)              $
           (18,663)                       $
          (43,444)   $
          (52,336)



     Stock-based compensation                                                                               23,791                          19,612                                  73,659              55,334



     Amortization of acquired intangibles assets                                                               762                             494                                   2,362                 594



     Acquisition related expenses                                                                               30                             802                                      95               2,407


      Non-cash interest expense for amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs                     5,509                           5,141                                  16,184              15,103



     Income tax effects of non-GAAP items




     Non-GAAP net income                                                                        $
              15,105                 $
            7,386                         $
           48,856    $
            21,102






     Non-GAAP net income per share:



     Basic                                                                                        $
              0.36                  $
            0.19                           $
           1.17      $
            0.55



     Diluted                                                                                      $
              0.32                  $
            0.17                           $
           1.05      $
            0.51



     Shares used in non-GAAP per share calculations



     Basic                                                                                                  42,531                          38,762                                  41,749              38,319



     Diluted                                                                                                47,869                          43,101                                  46,622              41,314



     
                Reconciliation of non-GAAP expense and expense as a percentage of revenue



     (in thousands, except percentages)


                                                                                                                                                             
     
            Three Months Ended September 30,



                                                                                                                                                                           2019                                                                                                         2018



                                                                                                             COS,                        COS,           R&D       S&M                                    G&A                                    COS,                 COS,     R&D                   S&M      G&A
                                                                                             Subscription                          Prof.                                                                                           Subscription          Prof.
                                                                                                                               services                                                                                                              services
                                                                                                                                & other                                                                                                               & other



     GAAP expense                                                                                                $
        25,671                 $
          7,592           $
              39,847                         $
            91,283                         $
              23,300                $
           17,777      $
              7,988         $
              30,761  $
              71,293  $
            19,057



     Stock -based compensation                                                                                        (854)                        (614)                     (8,019)                                 (8,947)                                   (5,357)                         (391)                 (803)                   (5,990)            (7,898)            (4,530)



     Amortization of acquired intangible assets                                                            (762)                                                                                                                                                                 (494)



     Acquisition related expenses                                                                                                                               (30)                                                                                                                                                                 (802)




     Non-GAAP expense                                                                                            $
        24,055                 $
          6,978           $
              31,798                         $
            82,336                         $
              17,943                $
           16,892      $
              7,185         $
              23,969  $
              63,395  $
            14,527






     GAAP expense as a percentage of revenue                                                                           14.8                           4.4                         23.0                                     52.6                                       13.4                           13.5                    6.1                       23.3                54.1              14.5
                                                                                                                             %                            %                           %                                       %                                         %                             %                     %                         %                  %                  %



     Non-GAAP expense as a percentage of revenue                                                                       13.9                           4.0                         18.3                                     47.4                                       10.3                           12.8                    5.5                       18.2                48.1              11.0
                                                                                                                             %                            %                           %                                       %                                         %                             %                     %                         %                  %                  %








                                                                                                                                                             
     
            Nine Months Ended September 30,



                                                                                                                                                                           2019                                                                                                         2018

                                                                                                                                                                                                             ---

                                                                                                             COS,                        COS,           R&D       S&M                                    G&A                                    COS,                 COS,     R&D                   S&M      G&A
                                                                                             Subscription                          Prof.                                                                                           Subscription          Prof.
                                                                                                                               services                                                                                                              services
                                                                                                                                & other                                                                                                               & other



     GAAP expense                                                                                                $
        70,550                $
          23,433          $
              115,480                        $
            250,267                         $
              67,777                $
           49,976     $
              23,017         $
              85,598 $
              196,484  $
            54,309



     Stock -based compensation                                                                                      (2,291)                      (2,298)                    (25,663)                                (27,275)                                  (16,132)                         (985)               (2,339)                  (16,866)           (22,327)           (12,817)



     Amortization of acquired intangible assets                                                          (2,362)                                                                                                                                                                 (594)



     Acquisition related expenses                                                                                                                               (95)                                                                                                                                                               (2,407)




     Non-GAAP expense                                                                                            $
        65,897                $
          21,135           $
              89,722                        $
            222,992                         $
              51,645                $
           48,397     $
              20,678         $
              66,325 $
              174,157  $
            41,492






     GAAP expense as a percentage of revenue                                                                           14.4                           4.8                         23.6                                     51.2                                       13.9                           13.5                    6.2                       23.2                53.3              14.7
                                                                                                                             %                            %                           %                                       %                                         %                             %                     %                         %                  %                  %



     Non-GAAP expense as a percentage of revenue                                                                       13.5                           4.3                         18.4                                     45.6                                       10.6                           13.1                    5.6                       18.0                47.2              11.2
                                                                                                                             %                            %                           %                                       %                                         %                             %                     %                         %                  %                  %



     
                Reconciliation of non-GAAP subscription margin



     (in thousands, except percentages)


                                                                  Three Months Ended September 30,                 Nine Months Ended September 30,



                                                                                              2019            2018                                            2019 2018




     GAAP subscription margin                                                                     $
     141,407                                      $
     107,701           $
     396,630 $
     300,670



     Stock -based compensation                                                                           854                                             391                2,291        985



     Amortization of acquired intangible assets                                                          762                                             494                2,362        594




     Non-GAAP subscription margin                                                                 $
     143,023                                      $
     108,586           $
     401,283 $
     302,249






     GAAP subscription margin percentage                                                                84.6                                            85.8                 84.9       85.7
                                                                                                            %                                              %                   %         %



     Non-GAAP subscription margin percentage                                                            85.6                                            86.5                 85.9       86.2
                                                                                                            %                                              %                   %         %



     
                Reconciliation of free cash flow



     (in thousands)




                                                                          Three Months Ended September 30,                  Nine Months Ended September 30,



                                                                                                      2019             2018                                              2019 2018




     GAAP net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities                                  $
       19,669                                      $
        11,517           $
         71,082 $
          51,740



     Purchases of property and equipment                                                                      (9,141)                                          (5,378)               (21,197)      (16,688)



     Capitalization of software development costs                                                             (3,811)                                          (2,920)                (9,139)       (8,726)




     Free cash flow                                                                                        $
       6,717                                       $
        3,219           $
         40,746 $
          26,326



     
                Reconciliation of forecasted non-GAAP operating income


     (in thousands, except percentages)


                                                                                     Three Months Ended                       Year Ended
                                                                          December 31, 2019
                                                                                                                              December 31, 2019




     GAAP operating income range                                                     ($7,980)-($6,980)          ($46,030)-($45,030)



     Stock-based compensation                                                                          24,300                                  97,300



     Amortization of acquired intangible assets                                                           750                                   3,100



     Acquisition related expenses                                                                          30                                     130




     Non-GAAP operating income range                                        
              $17,100-$18,100        
     $54,500-$55,500


                   Reconciliation of forecasted non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per share


     (in thousands, except per share amounts)




                                                                                                                 Three Months Ended                       Year Ended
                                                                                                      December 31, 2019
                                                                                                                                                          December 31, 2019




     GAAP net loss range                                                                                       ($11,880)-($10,880)          ($54,530)-($53,530)



     Stock-based compensation                                                                                                      24,300                                  97,300



     Amortization of acquired intangible assets                                                                                       750                                   3,100



     Acquisition related expenses                                                                                                      30                                     130


      Non-cash interest expense for amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs                                            5,600                                  21,800



     Income tax effects of non-GAAP items




     Non-GAAP net income range                                                                          
              $18,800-$19,800        
     $67,800-$68,800






     GAAP net income per basic and diluted share                                                           ($0.28)-($0.25)                  ($1.30)-($1.27)



     Non-GAAP net income per diluted share                                                                  
              $0.40-$0.42        
     $1.44-$1.46






      Weighted average common shares used in computing GAAP basic and diluted net loss per
       share:

                                                                                                                             42,900            42,000




      Weighted average common shares used in computing non-GAAP diluted net loss per
       share:

                                                                                                                             47,000            47,000

HubSpot's estimates of stock-based compensation, amortization of acquired intangible assets, acquisition-related expenses, and non-cash interest expense for amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs in future periods assume, among other things, the occurrence of no additional acquisitions, investments or restructurings, and no further revisions to stock-based compensation and related expenses. HubSpot has not included estimates related to the recently completed acquisition of PieSync NV for acquisition-related expenses, amortization of acquired intangibles, and any stock-based compensation for the three months ended December 31, 2019 because these expenses are unable to be determined at this time without unreasonable effort.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We report our financial results in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP. However, management believes that, in order to properly understand our short-term and long-term financial and operational trends, investors may wish to consider the impact of certain non-cash or non-recurring items when used as a supplement to financial performance measures in accordance with GAAP. These items result from facts and circumstances that vary in frequency and impact on continuing operations. In this release, HubSpot's non-GAAP operating income, operating margin, subscription margin, expense, expense as a percentage of revenue, net income, and free cash flow are not presented in accordance with GAAP and are not intended to be used in lieu of GAAP presentations of results of operations.

Management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures provide additional means of evaluating period-over-period operating performance. Specifically, these non-GAAP financial measures provide management with additional means to understand and evaluate the operating results and trends in our ongoing business by eliminating certain non-cash expenses and other items that management believes might otherwise make comparisons of our ongoing business with prior periods more difficult, obscure trends in ongoing operations, or reduce management's ability to make useful forecasts. In addition, management understands that some investors and financial analysts find this information helpful in analyzing our financial and operational performance and comparing this performance to our peers and competitors. However, these non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as an analytical tool and are not intended to be an alternative to financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. In addition, it should be noted that these non-GAAP financial measures may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies. We intend to provide these non-GAAP financial measures as part of our future earnings discussions and, therefore, the inclusion of these non-GAAP financial measures will provide consistency in our financial reporting. Management may, however, utilize other measures to illustrate performance in the future. Investors are encouraged to review the reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP measures has been provided in the financial statement tables included above in this press release.

These non-GAAP measures exclude stock-based compensation, amortization of acquired intangible assets, acquisition related expenses, non-cash interest expense for the amortization of debt discount debt issuance costs, and income tax effects of non-GAAP items. We believe investors may want to exclude the effects of these items in order to compare our financial performance with that of other companies and between time periods:

a. Stock-based compensation is a non-cash expense accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. We believe that the exclusion of stock-based compensation expense allows for financial results that are more indicative of our operational performance and provide for a useful comparison of our operating results to prior periods and to our peer companies because stock-based compensation expense varies from period to period and company to company due to such things as differing valuation methodologies and changes in stock price. b. Expense for the amortization of acquired intangible assets is a non-cash item, and we believe that the exclusion of this amortization expense provides for a useful comparison of our operating results to prior periods and to our peer companies. c. Acquisition related expenses, such as transaction costs and retention payments, are expenses that are not necessarily reflective of operational performance during a period. We believe that the exclusion of this these expenses provides for a useful comparison of our operating results to prior periods and to our peer companies. d. In May 2017, the Company issued $400 million of convertible notes due in 2022 with a coupon interest rate of 0.25%. The imputed interest rate of the convertible senior notes was approximately 6.95%. This is a result of the debt discount recorded for the conversion feature that is required to be separately accounted for as equity, and debt issuance costs, which reduce the carrying value of the convertible debt instrument. The debt discount is amortized as interest expense together with the issuance costs of the debt. The expense for the amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs is a non-cash item, and we believe the exclusion of this interest expense provides for a useful comparison of our operating results to prior periods and to our peer companies. e. The effects of income taxes on non-GAAP items for current and historical periods is zero due to our history of non-GAAP losses and a full valuation allowance on our U.S. deferred tax assets.

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